When money hits your bank account before you’ve done the work, it can feel like income, but accounting tells a different story. Income received in advance is a promise, not profit. Whether it’s prepaid rent, school fees, or a subscription, this money belongs on your balance sheet as a liability until you’ve earned it. Understanding this simple concept helps businesses stay honest, accurate, and financially sound.

Prepayments may seem like small accounting entries, but they reveal a lot about how a business thinks about time and value. Paying upfront for future benefits is not just a cash flow decision — it’s a lesson in discipline, foresight, and financial honesty. For accountants in practice, explaining prepayments in plain language can turn a routine adjustment into a powerful conversation about planning, trust, and smarter business. After all, good accounting is not about the past; it’s about making tomorrow’s numbers make sense.

Now that you understand what a financial instrument is, the next step is to learn how to classify it correctly. This matters because your choice affects how the item is measured, disclosed and tested for impairment. Section 11 of the IFRS for SMEs separates financial instruments into two types: basic and complex. In this article, we explain how to tell the difference in simple terms. We guide you through the rules step by step, using clear examples and everyday situations. By the end, you will feel confident about knowing which part of the standard to apply.